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Showing posts with label Chemistry. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Chemistry. Show all posts
Tahun 2011 dinobatkan sebagai Tahun Internasional Kimia 2011

  
Kabar gembira buat semua pecinta kimia, karena dua tahun mendatang tepatnya tahun 2011 dinobatkan sebagai Tahun Internasional Kimia 2011 (International Year of Chemistry – IYC 2011 – Our Life , Our Future). Gagasan Tahun Internasional Kimia 2011 ini pertama kali dicanangkan pada bulan Agustus 2007 pada pertemuan umum The International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) di Turin Italia. Gagasan ini ternyata disambut baik oleh dewan PBB dan pada pertemuan PBB bulan Desember 2008, IUPAC dan Organisasi Pendidikan, Ilmu Pengetahuan, dan Kebudayaan Perserikatan Bangsa-Bangsa (UNESCO) menyetujui untuk merayakan tahun 2011 sebagai Tahun Internasional Kimia. Tahun 2011 juga bertepatan dengan peringatan 100 tahun penghargaan Nobel Prize Kimia untuk Mme Maria Sklodowska Curie, yang berarti juga peringatan akan kontribusi wanita ke ilmu sains.

Peranan kimia dalam kehidupan manusia begitu penting, seluruh materi baik padat, larutan dan gas tersusun dari berbagai unsur-unsur kimia dan bahkan seluruh proses kehidupan ditentukan oleh berbagai reaksi kimia. IUPAC dan UNESCO menyadari sudah saatnya untuk memperingati keberhasilan kimia dan sumbangannya bagi kehidupan manusia.

“Tahun Internasional Kimia akan meningkatkan apresiasi global terhadap perkembangan ilmu kimia dalam kehidupan kita dan masa depan kita. Saya berharap peringatan ini dapat meningkatkan kepedulian publik terhadap kimia dan meningkatkan ketertarikan kaum muda akan ilmu sains serta memberikan masa depan yang cerah bagi masa depan kimia”, sambutan dari Ketua the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC), Professor Jung-Il Jin pada pertemuan PBB.

“Saya menyambut kesempatan untuk memperingati kimia sebagai salah satu dasar dari ilmu sains,” ujar Koichiro Matsuura, Direktur Umum UNESCO, “Meningkatkan kepedulian publik terhadap kimia adalah suatu hal yang sangat penting dalam rangka menjawab tantangan pembangunan yang berkesinambungan. Adalah hal yang mutlak bahwa kimia berperan penting dalam membangun sumber alternatif energi dan menghidupi populasi dunia yang terus berkembang” tambahnya.

Dalam memperingati Tahun Internasional Kimia 2011 akan direncanakan berbagai aktivitas dan event baik regional, nasional dan internasional yang didukung baik dari asosiasi kimia nasional, institusi edukasi, industri, pemerintahan dan organisasi non-pemerintahan. Aktivitas dan event ini berusaha memperkenalkan kepada publik luas tentang peranan kimia, memberikan solusi terhadap tantangan global, dan membangun generasi muda yang peduli terhadap sains.

at 2:04 AM
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Periodic Table of the Elements

at 8:35 PM
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Ion

In chemistry, a molecule or atom that is electrically charged is called an ion. An ion has more or less electrons than there are protons in an atom. The process of giving or taking electrons away is called ionization.
Many ions are colourless. Elements in the main groups in the Periodic Table form colourless ions. Some ions are coloured. The transition metals usually form coloured ions.
In physics, atomic nuclei that have been completely ionized are called charged particles. These are ones in alpha radiation.
Ionization happens by giving atoms high energy to . This is done using electrical voltage or by high-energy radiation.
An ionized gas is called plasma.
A simple ion is formed from a single atom.
Polyatomic ions are formed from a lot of atoms. Polyatomic ions usually consist of all non-metal atoms, but sometimes the polyatomic ion can have a metallic atom too.
Positive ions are called cations. They are attracted to cathodes (negatively charged electrodes). (Cation is pronounced "cat eye on", not "kay shun".) All simple metal ions are cations.
Negative ions are called anions. They are attracted to anodes (positively charged electrodes). All simple non-metal ions (except H+, which is a proton) are anions (except NH4+).
Transition metals can form more than one simple cation with different charges.
Most ions have a charge of less than 4, but some can have higher charges.
Michael Faraday was the first person to write a theory about ions. He did this in 1830. In his theory, he said what the portions of molecules were like that moved to anions or cations. Svante August Arrhenius said how this happened. He wrote this in his doctoral dissertation in 1884. Arrhenius was studying at the University of Uppsala. The university did not accept his theory at first (he only just passed his degree). But in 1903, he won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1903 for the same idea.
In Greek ion is like the word "go". "Anion" and "cation" mean "up-goer" and "down-goer". "Anode" and "cathode" are "way up" and "way down".

at 11:43 PM
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Atom

An atom is a basic unit that makes up all matter. There are many different types of atom each with its own name, mass and size. These are called chemical elements, such as hydrogen or gold. Atoms are very small, the exact size changes depending on the element - they range from 0.1 to 0.5 nanometers.[1] One nanometer is around a hundred times smaller than the width of a human hair. This makes atoms almost impossible to see. The manner in which they work, and how they interact with each other has to be investigated using equations. The field of physics that is concerned with this is called quantum physics.
Atoms combine to make molecules or particles, for example two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom combine to make a water molecule, a form of a chemical reaction. Atoms themselves are made up of three kinds of smaller particles, called protons, neutrons and electrons, respectively. The protons and neutrons are in the middle of the atom. They are called the nucleus. The nucleus is surrounded by a cloud of electrons with a negative charge which are bound to nucleus by an electromagnetic force. Protons and neutrons are made up of even smaller particles called quarks. Electrons are elementary or fundamental particles; they cannot be split into smaller parts. The number of protons, neutrons and electrons an atom has determines what element it is. Hydrogen, for example, has one proton, no neutrons and one electron; the element Sulfur has 16 protons, 16 neutrons and 16 electrons.
Atoms move faster when in gas form (as they are free to move) than liquid and solid matter. In solid materials the atoms are tightly next to each other so they vibrate, not are not able to move (there is no room) unlike liquid does.

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at 11:41 PM
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Menuju Penciptaan Logam Hidrogen

Hidrogen [1] merupakan salah satu unsur [2] yang paling umum yang ada di bumi, dan biasanya terdapat dalam bentuk gas, akan tetapi pada tekanan yang sangat tinggi hydrogen dapat bersifat sebagai superkonduktor.

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at 1:19 AM
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